The European migration crisis has emerged as one of the key challenges for Sweden, a country long known for its liberal stance toward refugees and asylum seekers. The large-scale influx of asylum seekers exposed vulnerabilities in the national reception system, aggravated issues of social integration, and contributed to the growing criminalisation of migrant communities. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of Sweden’s migration policy since 2015, viewed in the context of EU-wide reforms and domestic demands for stronger security measures. The methodological framework draws on systemic and comparative approaches. The empirical foundation is based on Statistics Sweden data on the number of asylum seekers, legislative acts, and analytical reports. Over the past decade, Sweden has shifted the focus of its migration policy, moving from a primarily humanitarian orientation toward refugees and asylum seekers to a pragmatic approach that combines restrictive measures with integration initiatives. Among the tools employed by the Swedish authorities to reduce migration flows are stricter asylum regulations, the expansion of readmission, voluntary and forced return programs, broader grounds and longer durations for entry bans in cases of deportation, and the establishment of infrastructure for reception and return centers. The analysis demonstrates that these reforms have reduced Sweden’s attractiveness to migrants and increased control over migration flows; however, they have not resolved the long-term challenges of social integration and territorial segregation of migrants, which remain highly relevant in the country.

International cooperation in tourism generates a wide range of political, economic, social, and cultural benefits for participating countries and increasingly serves as a driver of sustainable development. At the same time, the further expansion of international tourism cooperation requires the modernisation of Russia’s tourism industry, accompanied by improvements in workforce development and the professional training of personnel capable of delivering high-quality tourism services. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of international cooperation on labour demand in the tourism sector and identify approaches to addressing workforce shortages. The research draws on official statistical data, sample surveys, expert assessments, comparative analysis, and cluster analysis. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening labour-saving strategies through the wider use of flexible forms of employment, including platform-based and project-based work, as key instruments for regulating employment in the tourism sector under conditions of labour market shortages. The proposed approach also includes measures aimed at improving employee retention and expanding the use of labour-saving digital technologies, particularly in labour-intensive segments of the tourism industry, such as hospitality and food services.