Россия и Европейский союз: эфемерный поиск общих ценностей?
DOI:
10.5922/2074-9848-2012-4-10
Ключевые слова
<div align="justify">Российская Федерация
Европейский союз
общие ценности
сотрудничество
ОБСЕ
Европейский суд по правам человека</div>
<div align="justify">
<br />
</div>
<div align="justify">Key words: Russian Federation
EU
common values
cooperation
OSCE
European Court of Human Rights</div>
Аннотация
Рассматривается диалог между Российской Федерацией и Европейским союзом, базирующийся на основе «общих ценностей» (правовая сфера и верховенство закона), которые составляют основу для четырех «общих пространств» РФ и ЕС: по общему экономическому пространству, по общим пространствам свободы, безопасности и правосудия, по внешней безопасности, а также в сфере научных исследований и образования (включая культурные аспекты). Анализируется текущее состояние диалога между Россией и ЕС (раздел 1), сотрудничество между Востоком и Западом в рамках Организации по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе (раздел 2) и позиция государств-членов Совета Европы в отношении Европейского суда по правам человека (раздел 3). Делается однознач-ный вывод, что понятие «общие ценности» во многом является вымыслом и что его жизнеспособность зависит от того, видит ли себя Россия европейской страной или нет. Полная интернализация ценностей демократии, прав человека и надлежащего государственного управления остается недостижимой в Российской Федерации, которая использует платформу общих ценностей в основном для достижения стратегических целей (раздел 4).
This article focuses on the dialogue between the Russian Federation and the European Union based on “common values” (legal sphere and the rule of law), which form the framework for the EU-Russia “common spaces” — on the economy, freedom, security and justice, as well as in the field of research and education (including cultural aspects). The author analyses the current state of the EU-Russia dialogue (section 1), East-West cooperation in the framework of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (section 2), and the position of the Council of Europe member states on the European Court for Human Rights (section 3). The author comes to a conclusion that the concept of “common values” is to a great degree fictitious, and its viability depends on whether Russia behaves as a European country. The complete internalisation of democratic values, human rights, and good governance is still unattainable for the Russian Federation, which uses the platform of common values predominantly to achieve strategic goals (section 4).
This article focuses on the dialogue between the Russian Federation and the European Union based on “common values” (legal sphere and the rule of law), which form the framework for the EU-Russia “common spaces” — on the economy, freedom, security and justice, as well as in the field of research and education (including cultural aspects). The author analyses the current state of the EU-Russia dialogue (section 1), East-West cooperation in the framework of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (section 2), and the position of the Council of Europe member states on the European Court for Human Rights (section 3). The author comes to a conclusion that the concept of “common values” is to a great degree fictitious, and its viability depends on whether Russia behaves as a European country. The complete internalisation of democratic values, human rights, and good governance is still unattainable for the Russian Federation, which uses the platform of common values predominantly to achieve strategic goals (section 4).
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3. Baere G. De Some Reflections on the EU and the Responsibility to Protect’, Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, Leuven University, working paper nr. 79, January 2012.
4. Baudet T., Het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens vormt een ernstige inbreuk op de democratie, NRC Handelsblad, 13 November 2010.
5. Börzel T. A., Pamuk Y. Pathologies of Europeanisation: Fighting Corruption in the Southern Caucasus // Western European Politics. 2012. Vol. 35, № 1. P. 79—97. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2012.631315.
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7. Chepurina M. Is Russian Identity European Identity? // InFocus. 2011. № 4. 21 April 2011. URL: http://infocusrevue.com/2011/04/21/is-russian-identity-european-identity/ (дата обращения: 06.03.2012).
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10. Gorbachev M. Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World. New York, Harper and Row, 1987.
11. Ivanov I. The New Russian Identity: Innovation and Continuity in Russian Foreign Policy // Washington Quarterly. 2001. Vol. 24, № 3. P. 7—13.
12. Kropatcheva E. Russia and the role of the OSCE in European security: a ‘Forum’ for dialog or a ‘Battlefield’ of interests? // European Security. 2012. Vol. 21, №. 3. P. 370—394. doi: 10.1080/096628392 011.640323.
13. Leach P., Hardman H., Stephenson S. Can the European Court’s Pilot Judgment Procedure Help Resolve Systemic Human Rights Violations? Burdov and the Failure to Implement Domestic Court Decisions in Russia // Human Rights Law Review. 2010. Vol. 10, № 2. P. 346—359.
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16. Parfitt T. European Court of Human Rights reforms could have 'devastating' effect in Russia // The Telegraph. 2012. 17 April. URL: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/9207908/European-Court-of-Human-Rights-refor... (дата обращения: 17.06.2012).
17. Russia and the Council of Europa. Ten Years After, Basingstoke / ed. by K. Malfliet, S. Parmentier, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
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19. Titarenko M. L. Foreign Relations Balance: Russia Shifts From Declining West To Rising East // China Daily. 2012. 6 March.
20. Toynbee A. Civilization on Trial. New York: Oxford University Press, 1948.
21. Trochev A. All Appeals Lead to Strasbourg? Unpacking the Impact of the European Court of Human Rights on Russia? // Demokratizatsiya. The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization. 2009. Vol. 17, № 2. P. 145—178.
22. US, EU regret rights lag at OSCE amid tensions with Russia // Agence France-Presse. 2011. 8 декабря. URL: http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/oscerights.dyb (дата обращения: 01.11.2011).
23. Zwart T. Bied dat mensenrechtenhof weerwerk // NRC Handelsblad. 2011. 17 January.
15. PA. David Cameron to fight prison voting plan, The Independent, 23 May 2012. URL: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-to-fightprison-voting-plan-7781521.html (дата обращения: 17.06.2012).
16. Parfitt T. European Court of Human Rights reforms could have 'devastating' effect in Russia // The Telegraph. 2012. 17 April. URL: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/9207908/European-Court-of-Human-Rights-refor... (дата обращения: 17.06.2012).
17. Russia and the Council of Europa. Ten Years After, Basingstoke / ed. by K. Malfliet, S. Parmentier, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
18. Smet S. Khodorkovskiy v. Russia: European Court of Human Rights Rules “No Proof of Political Trial” // Strasbourg Observers. 2011. 16 June.
19. Titarenko M. L. Foreign Relations Balance: Russia Shifts From Declining West To Rising East // China Daily. 2012. 6 March.
20. Toynbee A. Civilization on Trial. New York: Oxford University Press, 1948.
21. Trochev A. All Appeals Lead to Strasbourg? Unpacking the Impact of the European Court of Human Rights on Russia? // Demokratizatsiya. The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization. 2009. Vol. 17, № 2. P. 145—178.
22. US, EU regret rights lag at OSCE amid tensions with Russia // Agence France-Presse. 2011. 8 декабря. URL: http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/oscerights.dyb (дата обращения: 01.11.2011).
23. Zwart T. Bied dat mensenrechtenhof weerwerk // NRC Handelsblad. 2011. 17 January.
References
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2. Putin, V. 2012, Russia and the Changing World, Moskovskiye Novosti, 27 February, available at: http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20120227/171547818.html (accessed 11 March 2012).
3. Baere De, G. 2012, Some Reflections on the EU and the Responsibility to Protect, Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, Leuven University, working paper no. 79, January.
4. Baudet, T. 2010, Het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens vormt een ernstige inbreuk op de democratie, NRC Handelsblad, 13 November.
5. Börzel, T. A., Pamuk, Y. 2012, Pathologies of Europeanisation: Fighting Corruption in the Southern Caucasus, Western European Politics, Vol. 35, no. 1, p. 79—97. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2012.631315.
6. Bùrca de, G. 2011, The Road not Taken: the EU as a Global Human Rights Actor, American Journal of International Law,Vol. 105, no. 4, p. 649—693.
7. Chepurina, M. 2011, Is Russian Identity European Identity? InFocus, no. 4, 21 April, available at: http://infocusrevue.com/2011/04/21/is-russian-identity-european-identity/ (accessed 6 March 2012).
8. Dyomkin, D., Kozhevnikov, R. 2011, Russia raps OSCE election "double standards" Reuters, 3 September, available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/03/us-russia-osce-idUSTRE7820V920110903 (accessed 1 November 2011).
9. Gerards, J. 2011, Waar gaat het debat over het. EHRM nu eigenlijk over? NJBlog, no. 10, p. 608, available at: http://njblog.nl/2011/03/16/waar-gaat-het-debat-over-het-ehrm-nu-eigenlijk-over/ (accessed 6 March 2012).
10. Gorbachev, M. Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World, New York, Harper and Row, 1987.
11. Ivanov, I. 2001, The New Russian Identity: Innovation and Continuity in Russian Foreign Policy, Washington Quarterly, Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 7—13.
12. Kropatcheva, E. 2012, Russia and the role of the OSCE in European security: a ‘Forum’ for dialog or a ‘Battlefield’ of interests? European Security, Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 370—394. doi: 10.1080/096628392 011.640323.
13. Leach, P., Hardman, H., Stephenson, S. 2010, Can the European Court’s Pilot Judgment Procedure Help Resolve Systemic Human Rights Violations? Burdov and the Failure to Implement Domestic Court Decisions in Russia, Human Rights Law Review, Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 346—359.
1. Nikolskiy, A. 2012, Presidential Election Transparent and Democratic —CIS Observers, RIA Novosti, 5 March, available at: http://www.ria.ru/vybor2012_hod_vyborov/20120305/584902095.html (accessed 6 March 2012).
2. Putin, V. 2012, Russia and the Changing World, Moskovskiye Novosti, 27 February, available at: http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20120227/171547818.html (accessed 11 March 2012).
3. Baere De, G. 2012, Some Reflections on the EU and the Responsibility to Protect, Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, Leuven University, working paper no. 79, January.
4. Baudet, T. 2010, Het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens vormt een ernstige inbreuk op de democratie, NRC Handelsblad, 13 November.
5. Börzel, T. A., Pamuk, Y. 2012, Pathologies of Europeanisation: Fighting Corruption in the Southern Caucasus, Western European Politics, Vol. 35, no. 1, p. 79—97. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2012.631315.
6. Bùrca de, G. 2011, The Road not Taken: the EU as a Global Human Rights Actor, American Journal of International Law,Vol. 105, no. 4, p. 649—693.
7. Chepurina, M. 2011, Is Russian Identity European Identity? InFocus, no. 4, 21 April, available at: http://infocusrevue.com/2011/04/21/is-russian-identity-european-identity/ (accessed 6 March 2012).
8. Dyomkin, D., Kozhevnikov, R. 2011, Russia raps OSCE election "double standards" Reuters, 3 September, available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/03/us-russia-osce-idUSTRE7820V920110903 (accessed 1 November 2011).
9. Gerards, J. 2011, Waar gaat het debat over het. EHRM nu eigenlijk over? NJBlog, no. 10, p. 608, available at: http://njblog.nl/2011/03/16/waar-gaat-het-debat-over-het-ehrm-nu-eigenlijk-over/ (accessed 6 March 2012).
10. Gorbachev, M. Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World, New York, Harper and Row, 1987.
11. Ivanov, I. 2001, The New Russian Identity: Innovation and Continuity in Russian Foreign Policy, Washington Quarterly, Vol. 24, no. 3, p. 7—13.
12. Kropatcheva, E. 2012, Russia and the role of the OSCE in European security: a ‘Forum’ for dialog or a ‘Battlefield’ of interests? European Security, Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 370—394. doi: 10.1080/096628392 011.640323.
13. Leach, P., Hardman, H., Stephenson, S. 2010, Can the European Court’s Pilot Judgment Procedure Help Resolve Systemic Human Rights Violations? Burdov and the Failure to Implement Domestic Court Decisions in Russia, Human Rights Law Review, Vol. 10, no. 2, p. 346—359.
14. Lukin, V. 2008, Russia’s Global Role and European Identity, Russia in Global Affairs, no. 1, available at: http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/number/n_10352 (accessed 3 March 2011).
15. PA, 2012, David Cameron to fight prison voting plan, The Independent, 23 May, available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-to-fight-prison-voting-plan-7781521.html (accessed 17 June 2012).
16. Parfitt, T. 2012, European Court of Human Rights reforms could have 'devastating' effect in Russia, The Telegraph, 17 April, available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/9207908/European-Court-of-Human-Rights-refor... -could-have-devastating-effect-in-Russia.html (accessed 17 June 2012).
17. Malfliet, K., Parmentier, S. (eds.), 2010, Russia and the Council of Europa. Ten Years After, Basingstoke, UK, Palgrave Macmillan.
15. PA, 2012, David Cameron to fight prison voting plan, The Independent, 23 May, available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-to-fight-prison-voting-plan-7781521.html (accessed 17 June 2012).
16. Parfitt, T. 2012, European Court of Human Rights reforms could have 'devastating' effect in Russia, The Telegraph, 17 April, available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/9207908/European-Court-of-Human-Rights-refor... -could-have-devastating-effect-in-Russia.html (accessed 17 June 2012).
17. Malfliet, K., Parmentier, S. (eds.), 2010, Russia and the Council of Europa. Ten Years After, Basingstoke, UK, Palgrave Macmillan.
18. Smet, S. 2011, Khodorkovskiy v. Russia: European Court of Human Rights Rules “No Proof of Political Trial”, Strasbourg Observers, 16 June.
19. Titarenko, M. L. 2012, Foreign Relations Balance: Russia Shifts From Declining West To Rising East, China Daily, 6 March.
20. Toynbee, A. 1948, Civilization on Trial, New York, Oxford University Press.
19. Titarenko, M. L. 2012, Foreign Relations Balance: Russia Shifts From Declining West To Rising East, China Daily, 6 March.
20. Toynbee, A. 1948, Civilization on Trial, New York, Oxford University Press.
21. Trochev, A. 2009, All Appeals Lead to Strasbourg? Unpacking the Impact of the European Court of Human Rights on Russia? Demokratizatsiya. The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, Vol. 17, no. 2, p. 145—178.
22. US, EU regret rights lag at OSCE amid tensions with Russia, 2011, Agence France-Presse, 8 December, available at: http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/oscerights.dyb (accessed 1 November 2011).
23. Zwart, T. 2011, Bied dat mensenrechtenhof weerwerk, NRC Handelsblad, 17 January.
22. US, EU regret rights lag at OSCE amid tensions with Russia, 2011, Agence France-Presse, 8 December, available at: http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/oscerights.dyb (accessed 1 November 2011).
23. Zwart, T. 2011, Bied dat mensenrechtenhof weerwerk, NRC Handelsblad, 17 January.